A Novel Authentication Methodology to Detect Counterfeit PCB Using PCB Trace-Based Ring Oscillator

The existence of counterfeit products, e.g., integrated circuits (ICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs), in the modern semiconductor supply chain has seriously jeopardized security reliability electronic systems, also caused loss suppliers' profit reputation. Most existing research papers prevent or detect IC PCB substrate separately, without testing as a whole, often require assistance external equipment. In this article, novel ring oscillator-based authentication (ROPA) methodology to through is proposed, which utilizes trace-based oscillators (PTRO) assisted by on-chip oscillators, signature extraction methodology. By switching different load modes, can reflect process variations traces overall impedance. ROPA provide both independently equipments, allows remote for user. structure shown advantageous area (0.301% on average) power (0.355% overhead when implemented number benchmarks. Then set authentic FPGA development verify effectiveness detection. results show that proposed method provides 96.7% confidence detecting tampered PCBs 100% overproduced, recycled, cloned PCBs.